# Git Cheat Sheet

# GIT

Git is the free and open source distributed version control system that's responsible for everything GitHub related that happens locally on your computer. 

This cheat sheet features the most important and commonly used Git commands for easy reference.

## USER SETUP

**Configuring user information used across all local repositories.**

`set your username which you used while creating a GITHUB account`
```
  git config --global user.name “[firstname lastname]”
```

`set your email address which you used while creating a GITHUB account`
```
git config --global user.email “[valid-email]”
```

`set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing`
```
git config --global color.ui auto
```

## SETUP & INIT

**Configuring user information, initializing and cloning repositories**

`initialize an existing directory as a Git repository.`
```
git init
```

`retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL`
```
git clone [url]
```

## STAGE & SNAPSHOT

**Working with snapshots and the Git staging area**

`show modified files in the working directory, staged for your next commit`
```
git status
```

`add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage)`
```
git add [file]
```

`unstage a file while retaining the changes in the working directory`
```
git reset [file]
```

`diff of what is changed but not staged`
```
git diff
```

`diff of what is staged but not yet committed`
```
git diff --staged
```

`commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot`
```
git commit -m “[descriptive message]”
```

## BRANCH & MERGE

**Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes**

`list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch`
```
git branch
```

`create a new branch at the current commit`
```
git branch [branch-name]
```

`switch to another branch and check it out in your working directory.`
```
git checkout
```

`merge the specified branch’s history into the current one`
```
git merge [branch]
```

`show all commits in the current branch’s history`
```
git log
```

## INSPECT & COMPARE

**Examining logs, diffs, and object information**

`show the commit history for the currently active branch`
```
git log
```

`show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB`
```
git log branchB..branchA
```

`show the commits that changed file, even across renames`
```
git log --follow [file]
```

`show the diff between what is in branchA that is not in branchB`
```
git diff branchB...branchA
```

`show any object in Git in human-readable format`
```
git show [SHA]
```

## TRACKING PATH CHANGES

**Versioning file removes and path changes**

`delete the file from the project and stage the removal for commit`
```
git rm [file]
```

`change an existing file path and stage the move`
```
git mv [existing-path] [new-path]
```

`show all commit logs with an indication of any paths that moved`
```
git log --stat -M
```

## IGNORING PATTERNS

**Preventing unintentional staging or committing of files**

`system-wide ignore pattern for all local repositories`
```
git config --global core.excludesfile [file]
```

## SHARE & UPDATE

**Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos**

`add a git URL as an alias`
```
git remote add [alias] [url]
```

`fetch down all the branches from that Git remote`
```
git fetch [alias]
```

`merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date`
```
git merge [alias]/[branch]
```

`Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch`
```
git push [alias] [branch]
```

`fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch`
```
git pull
```

## REWRITE HISTORY

**Rewriting branches, updating commits and clearing history**

`apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one`
```
git rebase [branch]
```

`clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit`
```
git reset --hard [commit]
```

## TEMPORARY COMMITS

**Temporarily store modified, tracked files in order to change branches**

`Save modified and staged changes`
```
git stash
```

`list stack-order of stashed file changes`
```
git stash list
```

`write working from top of stash stack`
```
git stash pop
```

`discard the changes from top of stash stack`
```
git stash drop
```

# Closing

I hope that you’ve found this blog helpful! If you have any questions or feedback, feel free to leave a comment below 😊